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« Aujourd'hui, le monde est face à la crise migratoire la plus grave depuis la deuxième guerre mondiale. Et l'Europe tente difficilement de gérer ce flux important de personnes cherchant l'asile dans nos frontières ». Discours de Dimitris Avramopoulos, Commissaire européen à la Migration et aux Affaires intérieures devant la Commission européenne le 14 août 2015. 
L' arrivée récente de migrants en Europe est actuellement au cœur de l'agenda de l'Union Européenne (UE). Ce sujet est devenu une question politique et publique sensible tant pour les décideurs de l'UE que pour les dirigeants des États membres. Les questions de sécurité et de souveraineté font irruption dans le débat et se confrontent à celles de l'intégration et de la protection des droits de l'homme.

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“Today the world finds itself facing the worst refugee crisis since the Second World War. And Europe finds itself struggling to deal with the high influxes of people seeking refuge within our borders” Dimitris Avramopoulos, Migration and Home Affairs Commissioner, Brussels, 14 August 2015, Speech to European Commission : "A European Response to Migration:Showing solidarity and sharing responsibility"

The recent flow of migrants to Europe remains at the core of EU agenda and has already become a highly sensitive political and public issue for both EU policy-makers and Member States leaders. The questions of security and sovereignty confronts those of integration and human rights' protection. Europe lived through the most vivid population movements in both the 20^th and 21^st century, and even before. For instance, Russians moved to Western Europe after the October revolution. Few years later, an exchange of populations took place between Greece and Turkey after World War I. After World War II, resettlement of the displaced people saw massive population movements. The decolonization process triggered movement of population from Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia to the former colonial powers. The 1990s and the collapse of the Yugoslavia followed by the ethnic conflicts added to the number of people seeking better life in Western Europe. Eventually, the two latest waves of the EU enlargement also let more people legally move and work in Western Europe.

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